why is science known as a closed black box?

The term "closed black box" when referencing science is not a standard term within the scientific community, and science is not typically described this way. However, the concept of the "black box" in the context of science can be related to the way scientists sometimes deal with complex systems or phenomena.

A "black box" in scientific and engineering terms is a system or an object which can be understood in terms of inputs and outputs, without any knowledge of its internal workings. The term is used because the inner workings of the actual box are not seen or understood, just like you wouldn't be able to see inside an actual black box. When scientists approach a problem like a black box, they focus on understanding what goes into the system (inputs), what comes out of it (outputs), and the relationship between the two, rather than trying to fully describe the internal mechanisms.

This approach is particularly useful in situations where the internal processes are either too complicated to analyze in detail or not fully understood. By treating a system as a black box, researchers can still make useful predictions and develop functional theories about how the system behaves, even without complete internal information.