How does heat always flow or transfer between objects or places

Heat transfer occurs between objects or places in three main ways: conduction, convection, and radiation.

1. Conduction:

• Conduction is the transfer of heat through a material without any movement of the material itself.
• It occurs through direct contact between particles in a substance. Hotter particles transfer their thermal energy to adjacent particles.
• Good conductors, such as metals, allow heat to flow easily, while insulators resist the flow of heat.

2.Convection:

• Convection involves the transfer of heat through the movement of fluids (liquids or gases).
• In a fluid, warmer and less dense regions rise, and cooler, denser regions sink. This creates a circulation pattern that transfers heat.
• Convection is commonly observed in fluids, such as air and water, where warm air rises and cool air sinks, creating currents.

3.Radiation:

• Radiation is the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves, without the need for a medium (solid, liquid, or gas) to carry the heat.
• All objects emit thermal radiation, and the amount of radiation depends on the temperature of the object. Hotter objects emit more radiation.
• Radiation can travel through a vacuum, making it the method by which the Sun's energy reaches the Earth.