Yandu is a highly urbanized, industrialized, and modern country. Its people are classified into nine ethnic groups. Three ethnic groups speak English, three speak Hindi, and three speak Arabic. The English-speaking group is mostly of the higher social class, the Hindi-speaking group is primarily lower-middle class, and the Arabic-speaking group is relatively poor. What would you predict about the level of ethnic conflict in this society? a. High levels of conflict b. Harmonious c. Racially divided d. Paternalistic

a. High levels of conflict

In a society with clear socioeconomic stratification among different ethnic groups, especially when language also reflects social divisions, it is likely that there would be high levels of ethnic conflict. The English-speaking group being of a higher social class might lead to them having more opportunities, power, and resources compared to the Hindi and Arabic-speaking groups, which could result in resentment and conflict from the lower classes. The lower-middle-class status of the Hindi-speaking group and the relative poverty of the Arabic-speaking group could further contribute to tensions, as these groups may feel marginalized or discriminated against. Additionally, since language is an essential aspect of cultural identity, the differences in language can exacerbate the feeling of division among the groups.

Extra: Ethnic conflict often arises from competition over resources, power, and status among groups within a society. It can also come from historical animosities and perceived injustices. In many countries, ethnic divisions are further reinforced by socioeconomic disparities. When ethnic identities align with social and economic differences, these conflicts can become more pronounced. In the case of Yandu, differences in social class and economic opportunities, as well as different languages, create clear in-groups and out-groups within the society, making it more prone to ethnic tensions. Understanding the root causes of ethnic conflict is essential for policymakers and leaders who wish to promote social cohesion and equity within diverse societies.