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Jacob's household moved to Egypt due to a severe famine that affected the region where they lived, which is the land of Canaan. The story, which is found in the biblical book of Genesis, chapters 42-46, tells us that Joseph, one of Jacob's twelve sons, had previously been sold into slavery by his brothers and ended up in Egypt, where he eventually rose to become the vizier, second only to Pharaoh. During the famine, Egypt had food stores thanks to Joseph's foresight and management based on earlier dreams predicting the seven years of plenty followed by seven years of famine.
Jacob's sons initially went down to Egypt to buy grain due to the famine in Canaan. There they unknowingly encountered their brother Joseph, whom they did not recognize. After a series of events where Joseph tested his brothers, he revealed his identity to them. Joseph instructed his brothers to bring Jacob and the entire family to Egypt so he could provide for them, as the famine was severe and would last for several more years. This migration was not just a move for survival but was also seen as part of a divine plan within the context of the biblical narrative.