When h+ forms a bottle of h2o to form the hydronium ion h3o plus this bond is called a coordinate covalent bond because?

When H₃O⁺ (hydronium ion) forms by the addition of a proton (H⁺) to a water molecule (H₂O), the bond between the oxygen of the water molecule and the hydrogen of the hydronium ion is called a coordinate covalent bond. This type of bond is also known as a dative or coordinate bond.

In a coordinate covalent bond:

1.Donor and Acceptor : There is a donor atom and an acceptor atom. In this case, the oxygen atom of the water molecule (H₂O) acts as the donor, and the hydrogen ion (H⁺) acts as the acceptor.

2.Shared Electron Pair : Both electrons in the bond come from the same atom (the donor). The oxygen atom donates both electrons to form the shared electron pair.

3.Formation of a New Molecule :The shared electron pair forms a new molecule or ion. In this case, the hydronium ion (H₃O⁺) is formed.

The reason it is called a "coordinate covalent bond" is that the pair of electrons forming the bond comes from one atom (oxygen in the water molecule) and is shared with another atom (hydrogen ion). The arrow in the chemical reaction indicating the bond formation points from the donor atom to the acceptor atom, emphasizing the direction of electron flow.

The chemical equation for the formation of the hydronium ion (H₃O⁺) from water (H₂O) and a proton (H⁺) can be represented as:

H2O + H⁺ → H3​O⁺

The coordinate covalent bond is represented by an arrow (→) indicating the donation of the electron pair from oxygen to the proton.