What issues apart from slavery led to conflict in the U.S during the mid 1800's

While slavery was a central and highly contentious issue that led to conflict in the United States during the mid-19th century, several other factors contributed to the tensions and ultimately played a role in the outbreak of the Civil War. Some of these issues include:

1. Sectionalism: The nation was characterized by growing regional differences, particularly between the Northern and Southern states. Economic, social, and cultural disparities fueled sectionalism, leading to increased animosity between the regions.
2. Economic Differences: The North and the South had distinct economic systems. The North was industrializing, with a focus on manufacturing and commerce, while the South was primarily agrarian, relying heavily on slave labor for its plantation-based economy. Economic tensions arose over issues such as protective tariffs and economic policies that favored one region over the other.
3. States' Rights: There was an ongoing debate about the balance of power between the federal government and individual states. Southerners, in particular, argued for states' rights and limited federal authority, while Northerners tended to support a stronger central government.
4. Tariffs: Disputes over tariffs, such as the Tariff of Abominations in 1828, exacerbated sectional tensions. The Southern states, which relied more on imported goods, viewed high tariffs as detrimental to their economic interests.
5. Expansion of Slavery into Western Territories: The question of whether newly acquired territories would allow slavery or not intensified the conflict. The Missouri Compromise of 1820 and the Compromise of 1850 were attempts to address the issue of slavery's expansion, but they only temporarily alleviated tensions.
6. Abolitionist Movement: The rise of the abolitionist movement in the North, advocating for the immediate emancipation of slaves, contributed to the growing divide between the regions. Abolitionist literature, such as Harriet Beecher Stowe's "Uncle Tom's Cabin," brought attention to the horrors of slavery and heightened tensions.
7. Dred Scott Decision: The Supreme Court's decision in the Dred Scott case (1857) ruled that enslaved individuals were property and not entitled to freedom, even if they resided in free states. This decision further inflamed tensions and deepened the divide over the issue of slavery.