Wendell interviews many middle-level managers and discovers that these individuals believe that external factors constrain managers' influence over outcomes. The mid-level managers have a(n) ________ view of management.A. traditional B. omniscient C. symbolic D. omnipotent

Business · High School · Mon Jan 18 2021

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C. symbolic

In the context of management theories, if mid-level managers believe that external factors constrain managers' influence over outcomes, this suggests that they subscribe to a symbolic view of management. The symbolic view acknowledges that much of an organization's success or failure is due to external forces outside of managers' control, such as economic conditions, competitors' actions, governmental policies, industry trends, and other environmental factors. Managers with a symbolic viewpoint are seen more as symbols and leaders who provide vision, direction, and inspiration rather than as all-powerful figures who can control all aspects of the organization's performance through their actions alone

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