Pathways for parasympathetic fibers innervating the digestive system include: a. pelvic nerves from sacral spinal cord segments S2-S4 b. the Vagus nerve (CN X) c. Cranial Nerves VII (Facial) and IX (Glossopharyngeal) to the salivary glands d. all of the above
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d. All of the above
All the options mentioned (a, b, and c) are correct pathways for parasympathetic fibers innervating the digestive system:
a. Pelvic nerves from sacral spinal cord segments S2-S4: These nerves play a role in the innervation of the lower parts of the digestive system, including the colon and rectum.
b. The Vagus nerve (CN X): The vagus nerve is a major parasympathetic nerve that innervates many organs in the thoracic and abdominal cavities, including the heart, lungs, and various parts of the digestive system.
c. Cranial Nerves VII (Facial) and IX (Glossopharyngeal) to the salivary glands: These cranial nerves contribute to the parasympathetic innervation of the salivary glands, playing a role in the digestive process by stimulating salivary secretion.