Our author, Lawrence Hinman, makes the following arguments about virtue ethics: a. Specific character traits lead to certain actions. b. According to virtue ethics, a person is courageous due to the traits inherent in being so. c. Virtue ethics reconcile Kantian and Utilitarian principles within a unified theory. d. All the statements are correct.

 D. All the statements are correct.

Let me explain why each statement is considered correct within the context of virtue ethics:

a. Specific character traits lead to certain actions: Virtue ethics emphasizes the role of one's character and virtues in determining ethical behavior. It posits that a good person will naturally tend to perform good actions because of their virtuous character traits. For example, a person who has the virtue of honesty will tend to tell the truth because it is an expression of their character.

b. According to virtue ethics, a person is courageous due to the traits inherent in being so: Virtue ethics asserts that virtues like courage are not just about performing courageous acts; rather, they are qualities that a person possesses. A courageous person is someone who consistently demonstrates the trait of courage in their actions and decisions. The virtue is a part of who they are, and their actions flow from this inner quality.

c. Virtue ethics reconcile Kantian and Utilitarian principles within a unified theory: Virtue ethics is often seen as providing a more holistic approach to morality that can incorporate aspects of both Kantian ethics (deontology) and utilitarianism. It emphasizes the importance of moral rules and duties, akin to Kantian ethics, but also recognizes the significance of the consequences of actions and the promotion of the greater good, which is central to utilitarian thought. However, virtue ethics primarily focuses on the character of the moral agent rather the act itself, striving to cultivate virtues that will help the individual live a flourishing and fulfilling life.