Organisms that are the first to move into an area and begin forming soil for an ecosystem are known as A. pioneer species B. hardwood trees C. climax community D. bushes

A. pioneer species

Pioneer species are the first living organisms to colonize an area that is either newly formed, such as a lava flow or a region left after a glacier retreat, or an area that has been cleared by a disturbance, like a fire, flood, or human activities that have left the land barren. These species are usually hardy and adaptable because they must be able to survive in poor soil conditions and harsh climates. They play a crucial role in ecological succession, which is the process through which a biological community evolves over time.

Pioneer species often include lichens and mosses that can set up in a barren environment and start the process of soil formation. They break down the rock into smaller particles, and as they die and decompose, they enrich the soil, allowing other, less hardy species to move in and continue to improve the depth and quality of the soil. Over time, this leads to the establishment of a more complex ecosystem and eventually, to a mature community known as the climax community.