Inhalation in humans is achieved by contraction of which muscles
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Inhalation in humans is primarily achieved by the contraction of the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles.
1. The diaphragm is a large, dome-shaped muscle located at the base of the lungs that separates the thoracic (chest) cavity from the abdominal cavity. When you inhale, the diaphragm contracts and flattens, which increases the volume of the thoracic cavity and decreases the pressure inside the lungs compared to the outside atmosphere.
2. The external intercostal muscles are small muscles located between the ribs. When they contract, they lift the ribcage up and out. This action also increases the volume of the thoracic cavity, further lowering the pressure in the lungs.
The decrease in pressure within the lungs relative to the outside air pressure creates a pressure gradient that causes air to flow into the lungs, filling the alveoli. This process is known as inhalation or inspiration.