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During the process of mitosis, when the two sister chromatids that make up each chromosome separate from each other and move to opposite poles of the cell. Each sister chromatid or individual chromatid are called chromosomes.
Homologue pairs are separated during the first round of cell division, which is also called meiosis I. The separation of sister chromatids occur during meiosis II. Since cell division occurs twice during meiosis, one starting cell can produce four gametes (eggs or sperm).