In 1816, John C. Calhoun proposed that:

 In 1816, John C. Calhoun was an advocate for a national policy that would use tariffs (taxes on imports) to protect American manufacturing. His role in the proposal of the Tariff of 1816 was significant because it represented a shift from his previous beliefs in free trade and would help secure the stability of the national economy after the War of 1812. Calhoun supported the tariff because he saw it as a way to build a strong industrial base in the United States. The Tariff of 1816 placed a 20-25% tax on various goods, which was intended to shield the young nation's emerging industries from foreign competition, especially from British companies dumping goods in the U.S. market at very low prices.

However, it's important to note that while Calhoun was an advocate of the Tariff of 1816, it was actually Secretary of the Treasury Alexander J. Dallas who initially proposed the tariff. Calhoun was a member of Congress from South Carolina at the time and supported the measure, becoming one of its most vocal proponents. His position on tariffs would later evolve, and by the 1820s and especially the 1830s Calhoun became a strong opponent of high tariffs, arguing that they were detrimental to the agricultural South, which relied on open markets for its exports.

It's also notable that Calhoun is often remembered for his later role in American politics as a defender of slavery and as an intellectual architect of the doctrine of states' rights, which he used to argue for the concept of nullification—a state's right to invalidate federal laws deemed unconstitutional by the state.