How many grams of calcium phosphate can be produced when 89.3 grams of calcium chloride react with excess sodium phosphate? Unbalanced equation: CaCl2 + Na3PO4 → NaCl + Ca3(PO4)2

To figure out how many grams of calcium phosphate can be produced, we need to follow these steps:

Step 1: Balance the chemical equation. The unbalanced equation is: CaCl2 + Na3PO4 → NaCl + Ca3(PO4)2

We will balance it by adjusting the coefficients to ensure that the number of atoms for each element is the same on both sides of the equation. The balanced equation is: 3CaCl2 + 2Na3PO4 → 6NaCl + Ca3(PO4)2

Step 2: Determine the molar masses. We need to calculate the molar masses (molecular weight) of the relevant substances using the periodic table: - Calcium chloride (CaCl2): Ca = 40.08 g/mol, Cl = 35.45 g/mol Molar mass of CaCl2 = 40.08 g/mol + 2×35.45 g/mol = 110.98 g/mol

- Calcium phosphate (Ca3(PO4)2): Ca = 40.08 g/mol, P = 30.97 g/mol, O = 16 g/mol Molar mass of Ca3(PO4)2 = 3×40.08 g/mol + 2(30.97 g/mol + 4×16 g/mol) = 310.18 g/mol

Step 3: Convert grams of calcium chloride to moles. We do this by dividing the mass of calcium chloride by its molar mass: 89.3 g CaCl2 / 110.98 g/mol = 0.805 moles of CaCl2

Step 4: Use stoichiometry to find moles of calcium phosphate. From the balanced equation, 3 moles of calcium chloride produce 1 mole of calcium phosphate: 0.805 moles CaCl2 × (1 mole Ca3(PO4)2 / 3 moles CaCl2) = 0.268 moles of Ca3(PO4)2

Step 5: Convert moles of calcium phosphate to grams. Now we multiply the moles of calcium phosphate by its molar mass to find the mass: 0.268 moles Ca3(PO4)2 × 310.18 g/mol = 83.128 g of Ca3(PO4)2

So, 89.3 grams of calcium chloride can produce approximately 83.1 grams of calcium phosphate when reacted with excess sodium phosphate.

Extra: When conducting a stoichiometric calculation like this one, it's important to comprehend a few key concepts.

One is the law of conservation of mass, which states that matter is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. This is why we must balance the chemical equation, to reflect the fact that the same amount and types of atoms are present before and after the reaction.

Another is the concept of the mole, which is a unit in chemistry that represents a specific number of particles (6.022 × 10^23 particles, to be exact, known as Avogadro’s number). The molar mass is the weight of one mole of a substance and is expressed in grams per mole. It is the sum of the atomic weights of the atoms in the substance's molecular formula.

Stoichiometry is the method we use to calculate the amounts of reactants and products in a chemical reaction. It's based on the balanced chemical equation, which provides the ratio of moles of each substance involved in the reaction. With these principles, you can solve many problems related to chemical reactions and predict the amounts of substances needed or produced.