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Yes, baboons, like many other primates, have color vision. Baboons, which are Old World monkeys, are known to have a similar color vision system to humans. They possess three types of color receptors (cones) in their eyes that are sensitive to different wavelengths of light. This trichromatic vision allows them to perceive a range of colors.
Having color vision is beneficial for primates in various ways, including the ability to distinguish ripe fruits from unripe ones, identify potential mates, and navigate their environment more effectively. While the specific details of color vision may vary among primate species, many of them, including baboons, share this ability with humans.