Describe the motions of particles in the 3 common states of matter

The three common states of matter—solid, liquid, and gas—have distinct characteristics regarding the motions of their constituent particles.

1.Solid:

• In a solid, particles are closely packed in a regular, repeating pattern.
• The particles vibrate around fixed positions but do not move from their places.
• The motion is limited to oscillations, and the overall shape of the solid is rigid.
• Solids have a definite shape and volume.

2.Liquid:

• In a liquid, particles are still closely packed, but they do not have a fixed, repeating pattern like in solids.
• The particles have more freedom of movement compared to solids. They can slide past each other, allowing liquids to flow and take the shape of their container.
• The motion of particles in a liquid involves translational and rotational motion.
• Liquids have a definite volume but take the shape of the container.

3.Gas

• In a gas, particles are much more spread out and move freely.
• Gas particles have high kinetic energy and move in random, chaotic motion.
• The motion of gas particles includes translation, rotation, and vibration.
• Gases have neither a definite shape nor a definite volume. They expand to fill the entire container they are in.