Biology

The constant presence of infection in a given geographical 
area without any external input is known as: 
a. Epidemic b. Endemic c. Pandemic d. Sporadic 

Sporadic means: 
a. Sudden outbreak of disease in a given area. 
b. Infectious disease that has spread through human 
populations across a large region; for instance, multiple 
continents, or even worldwide 
c. Disease occurs at irregular intervals or only in few places is 
scattered in isolated manner 
d. Constant presence of infection in a given geographical area 
without any external input 

Outbreak of disease in bird population is: 
a. Epidemic b. Endemic c. Zoonoses d. Epornithic 

The obligate refers to the: 
a. Host in which the parasite remains asexual b. Temporary host 
c. Only host d. Multiple hosts 

Transport host is one in which: 
a. Parasite passes its sexual stage 
b. Parasite remains asexual c. Organism remains alive but does not undergo development d. Life cycle is not complete. 

Incubatory carrier is: 
a. A person capable of transmitting an infectious agent to 
others during the incubation period of the disease 
b. A person who is continue to shed disease causing agent 
during the period of recovery 

c. A person or other organism that has contracted an 
infectious disease, but who displays no symptoms. 
Although unaffected by the disease themselves, carriers can 
transmit it to others. 
d. A person who carry micro organism 

An infection which is present in an individual but, not 
sufficient to result in a disease is called as: 
a. Latent infection b. Clinical infection c. Subclinical infection d. Secondary infection 

Spread of communicable disease across a large region, 
country to country is referred to: 
a. Endemic b. Epidemic c. Episodic d. Pandemic 

Window period means: 
a. Time period between infection and detection of antibodies 
b. Time period between infection and first sign and symptom c. Time period between diagnosis and treatment d. None of the above 

Time period between infection and detection of antibodies 
against HIV is known as: 
a. Acute Infection 
b. Chronic Infection c. Active HIV d. Window Period