A system of government by groups or officials.​

The term you're looking for is likely "oligarchy." Oligarchy refers to a system of government in which power is concentrated in the hands of a small group of individuals or a privileged elite. This small group, the oligarchs, typically hold significant influence and control over political, economic, or social decisions within the society. Oligarchies can take various forms, and the criteria for membership in the ruling elite may include factors such as wealth, family background, or social status.

Concept of an oligarchy:

Characteristics of Oligarchy:

1. Power Concentration: In an oligarchy, political power is concentrated in the hands of a few individuals or a small elite group. These individuals often have disproportionate influence over decision-making processes.
2. Limited Participation: Political participation and decision-making are restricted to the oligarchs, limiting the involvement of the broader population. Oligarchies are often marked by a lack of political representation for the majority.
3. Influence over Institutions: Oligarchs typically wield influence over key institutions, such as government bodies, the military, or economic structures. This influence allows them to shape policies and control resources.
4. Wealth and Social Status: Oligarchs may come from a variety of backgrounds, but wealth and social status are often significant factors in determining who holds power. In economic oligarchies, for example, those with substantial financial resources may exert considerable influence.
5. Stability and Resistance to Change: Oligarchies can be stable forms of government, especially when the ruling elite has a strong hold on power. They may resist changes that could challenge their status or redistribute power.

Types of Oligarchies:

1. Aristocratic Oligarchy: Power is held by a hereditary aristocracy, with members of noble families maintaining control over political and social institutions.
2. Plutocratic Oligarchy: Wealthy individuals or corporate entities dominate the political landscape, influencing policies and decisions to protect their economic interests.
3. Military Oligarchy: Rule is in the hands of military leaders or a small group of military officials, often as a result of a coup or seizure of power.

Examples of Oligarchies:

1. Historical Examples: The city-state of Sparta in ancient Greece is often cited as an example of a military oligarchy. Certain periods in the history of Venice and Florence during the Renaissance are also considered oligarchic.
2. Contemporary Examples: Some argue that certain modern states or societies exhibit oligarchic tendencies, where a small elite holds significant political and economic influence.

It's important to note that the term "oligarchy" is often used as an analytical concept to describe power structures and dynamics rather than as a self-description by those in power. Oligarchies can manifest in various ways and are subject to change based on historical, social, and political circumstances.