why did Europeans want direct access to Indian spices?

Europeans wanted direct access to Indian spices primarily due to their high value and importance in European cuisine and economy during the Middle Ages. Spices like pepper, cinnamon, nutmeg, and cloves were not only used for seasoning food but also for preserving meats, in medicine, and in religious rituals. They played a significant role in the everyday life of Europeans.

Spices were in high demand, but they were extremely expensive in Europe because the trade routes were long and the supply chain was complex. Before reaching Europe, spices typically passed through many hands, including Arab and Venetian middlemen, which added to their cost. By establishing a direct trade route to India and other spice-producing regions, European powers believed they could bypass the middlemen, reduce the costs, and gain greater profits.

Furthermore, having direct access to the source of these spices would give Europeans more control over the spice trade, which had become incredibly lucrative. This potential for wealth and trade dominance was a strong motivation for the European voyages of discovery during the 15th and 16th centuries.