Who was not a ruler of Spain at the end of the 15th century?

At the end of the 15th century, Spain was ruled by the Catholic Monarchs, Queen Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon. Their marriage in 1469 led to the unification of Spain. A ruler who was not in power in Spain at the end of the 15th century is Queen Elizabeth I of England, as she reigned from 1558 to 1603, which is well after the end of the 15th century.

During the 15th century, Europe was in a period known as the Late Middle Ages, moving towards the Renaissance. The marriage of Isabella and Ferdinand was a pivotal event as it united Castile and Aragon, laying the groundwork for the modern Spanish state. This period saw the completion of the Reconquista, the expulsion of Jews and Muslims who would not convert to Christianity, and the sponsorship of Christopher Columbus's 1492 voyage, which led to European awareness of the Americas. Rulers in other parts of Europe during the end of the 15th century included King Henry VII of England, who took the throne in 1485, and King Charles VIII of France, who ruled from 1483 to 1498. These figures all played significant roles in their own countries and in shaping Europe's early modern period.