Which scientists' ideas on geology influenced the theory of evolution during the 1800s? a. Darwin and Wallace b. Hutton and Lyell c. Malthus and Lamarck 4. Lamarck and Lyell

b. Hutton and Lyell

James Hutton and Charles Lyell are the geologists whose ideas greatly influenced the development of the theory of evolution, especially the work of Charles Darwin. James Hutton, a Scottish geologist, is often called the "father of modern geology." He introduced the concept of deep time, suggesting that the Earth was much older than previously thought, which provided the timescale necessary for the gradual process of biological evolution.

Charles Lyell, a British geologist, built on Hutton's ideas and became highly influential with his publication "Principles of Geology." Lyell's work popularized the idea of uniformitarianism—the concept that the Earth was shaped by slow-moving forces still in operation today, such as erosion and sedimentation. This was in contrast to catastrophism, which explained geological features as the results of sudden, large-scale events.