Which of these is NOT considered a critical contextual factor in project management? A. Organizational culture B. Organizational structure C. Organizational function D. Organizational strategy

D. Organizational strategy

While organizational strategy is important in determining the direction and goals of an organization, it is not typically considered a "critical contextual factor" in project management. Critical contextual factors are those elements within the organization that can directly affect the approach to project management and the likelihood of a project's success. These factors generally include:

A. Organizational Culture: This refers to the norms, values, and practices that are shared among members of an organization. It can greatly influence how projects are initiated, planned, executed, and closed.

B. Organizational Structure: This is about how an organization is arranged, including its hierarchy and the distribution of authority. It determines the reporting lines and can affect the flow of information and decision-making processes within projects.

C. Organizational Function: This refers to the major areas of activity within an organization, such as marketing, finance, operations, etc. The primary functions of an organization can shape project priorities and resource allocation.

However, organizational strategy, which defines the organization’s goals and how it plans to achieve them, influences the portfolio of projects and the project's objectives, but it is generally not categorized as a critical contextual factor in the process of project management itself.