Which of the following combines a known element such as a password with an inherent characteristic like a fingerprint or a possessed item like a USB stick, and might also incorporate a certificate system to add a third layer to the authentication process?

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 The system you're describing is a form of multi-factor authentication (MFA), specifically a three-factor authentication system. This type of system combines something the user knows (a password), something the user has (a possessed item like a USB stick), and something the user is (an inherent characteristic like a fingerprint). When a certificate system is added, it acts as an additional layer, often serving as a form of digital identification that can be used to verify the user's credentials securely.

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