Which are indicators that economists use to measure how an economy grows? Select all that apply.

Economists use various indicators to measure how an economy grows. Some key indicators include:

1. Gross Domestic Product (GDP): GDP is the total value of all goods and services produced within a country's borders over a specific period. It is a widely used measure of economic growth.
2. Gross National Product (GNP): GNP is similar to GDP but includes the value of goods and services produced by a country's residents both domestically and abroad, minus the value produced by foreign residents within the country.
3. Employment and Unemployment Rates: Changes in the level of employment and the unemployment rate are important indicators of economic growth. A growing economy typically sees an increase in employment.
4. Consumer Spending: Consumer spending, which represents the total expenditures by households on goods and services, is a significant component of economic growth.
5. Investment Spending: Investment spending includes expenditures on business equipment, structures, and residential construction. Increasing investment is often associated with economic expansion.
6. Industrial Production: The level of industrial production, which measures the output of manufacturing, mining, and utilities, is another indicator of economic growth.
7. Retail Sales: Retail sales reflect the total sales of goods and services to end consumers and are used to gauge consumer spending patterns.
8. Business and Consumer Confidence: Surveys and indices that measure business and consumer confidence provide insights into expectations about future economic conditions. High confidence levels are associated with economic optimism.
9. Trade Balance: The balance of trade, which considers the difference between a country's exports and imports, can be an indicator of economic growth and competitiveness.
10. Real Income Growth: Changes in real income, adjusted for inflation, provide insights into the standard of living and purchasing power of individuals.

These indicators are often used in combination to provide a comprehensive assessment of economic growth and overall economic health