Where did Arabs establish Islam in Africa?

Arabs primarily established Islam in North Africa. The process of Islamic expansion in Africa began with the life of Prophet Muhammad in the 7th century AD. After Muhammad's death, Muslim armies and traders carried the Islamic faith across the continent. The main areas of Islamic influence included:

1. Egypt: Islam was introduced to Egypt shortly after the Prophet Muhammad's death. It was first established in 641 AD when Amr ibn al-As conquered the region.

2. Maghreb: The Maghreb, which includes the contemporary countries of Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya, was introduced to Islam by the Umayyad Caliphate in the 7th century through military conquests and the activities of traders and preachers.

3. Sudan: Islamic influence penetrated into the Sudanese region through Arab merchants and settlers, especially after the Islamic conquest of Egypt.

4. The Swahili Coast: The Swahili coast (comprising current-day coastal regions of Kenya, Somalia, Tanzania, and Mozambique) saw the gradual spread of Islam primarily through Arab traders along the Indian Ocean trade routes, from the 8th century onwards.

5. The Sahel: The region south of the Sahara Desert, known as the Sahel, was Islamized through a mix of trade, migration, and the efforts of Muslim scholars and Sufi orders starting around the 8th century but accelerating from the 11th century onwards.

These regions were key points for the establishment and spread of Islam within the African continent, leading to the extensive Islamic cultural and political influence that persist to this day in many African countries.