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The greatest myth about the causes of the Civil War is that it was fought solely over states' rights and not centrally about slavery. This narrative suggests that the conflict was primarily about the Southern states' desire to assert their rights against an overreaching federal government. While states' rights were certainly an issue, the primary right in contention was the right to own slaves. The Civil War's root cause was fundamentally tied to the differing economies, social structures, and political beliefs surrounding the institution of slavery in the North and South.