What is diffuse and specular scattering

Diffuse Scattering:

Diffuse scattering refers to the scattering of light or other electromagnetic waves in various directions due to irregularities or roughness on a surface. When light encounters a rough or uneven surface, it reflects in many directions rather than following a specific, predictable path. This type of scattering is common on surfaces with microscale or nanoscale irregularities.

Specular Scattering:

Specular scattering, on the other hand, occurs when light reflects off a smooth and shiny surface in a predictable manner. The angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection, and the reflected light maintains its original coherence. Specular reflection is often associated with smooth surfaces like mirrors or polished metals.

In summary, the distinction lies in the surface characteristics: diffuse scattering is associated with rough or irregular surfaces, while specular scattering is associated with smooth and reflective surfaces.