What is a primary cause of contemporary population growth in the countries of middle and south america?

One primary cause of contemporary population growth in the countries of Middle and South America is a combination of relatively high birth rates and declining mortality rates. Several factors contribute to this phenomenon:

1. Fertility Rates: Many countries in Middle and South America continue to experience relatively high fertility rates. Even though fertility rates have been decreasing over time, they often remain above the replacement level, contributing to population growth.

2. Improved Healthcare: Advances in healthcare, sanitation, and access to medical services have led to a decline in mortality rates. Reduced infant mortality and increased life expectancy contribute to a larger population size over time.

3. Urbanization and Economic Development: Urbanization and economic development can influence population growth. As countries undergo economic growth, people may have greater access to education, healthcare, and employment opportunities, contributing to both lower mortality rates and, initially, higher birth rates.

4. Cultural and Social Factors: Cultural and social factors, including societal norms and expectations regarding family size, can influence birth rates. In some cases, cultural preferences for larger families may contribute to sustained population growth.

5. Access to Family Planning: While access to family planning services has improved in some areas, it is not uniform across all regions. Limited access to contraceptives and family planning education in certain areas can contribute to higher birth rates.

It's important to note that population growth rates can vary among countries within Middle and South America, and individual factors influencing population dynamics may differ. Demographic trends are complex and influenced by a combination of social, economic, cultural, and healthcare-related factors.