What event ended a long period of french domination of europe?

The event that ended a long period of French domination of Europe was the Napoleonic Wars, particularly the Battle of Leipzig in 1813. Napoleon Bonaparte, the Emperor of the French, had achieved significant military successes and established French dominance across much of Europe during the early 19th century.

However, by 1812, the tide began to turn against Napoleon. His disastrous invasion of Russia in that year weakened the French army, and subsequent coalitions formed by European powers, including Russia, Prussia, Austria, and the United Kingdom, sought to challenge and defeat Napoleon.

The turning point came with the Battle of Leipzig, also known as the Battle of Nations, fought from October 16 to 19, 1813. The battle involved a coalition of European forces against Napoleon's army. The French suffered a decisive defeat, and Napoleon was forced to retreat from German territories.

The defeat at Leipzig marked the beginning of the end for Napoleon's dominance in Europe. The following year, in 1814, the Sixth Coalition captured Paris, leading to Napoleon's abdication and exile to the island of Elba.

While Napoleon briefly returned to power during the Hundred Days in 1815, his final defeat at the Battle of Waterloo marked the definitive end of the Napoleonic era. The subsequent Congress of Vienna (1814-1815) reshaped the map of Europe and sought to establish a balance of power to prevent further dominance by any single nation. The Bourbon monarchy was restored in France, and a new era of European diplomacy and cooperation began.