What do historians believe about the agreement between Pope Leo and Attila the Hun?

Historians believe that the agreement between Pope Leo I (the Great) and Attila the Hun was a diplomatic effort that resulted in the withdrawal of the Hunnic army from Italy, thereby potentially saving Rome from destruction. According to historical records, in 452 CE, as Attila was advancing on Rome, Pope Leo, accompanied by a Roman delegation, met with Attila to negotiate on behalf of the city.

The exact details of the agreement and what was discussed during this meeting are not known, as only a few contemporary accounts exist, and they are somewhat vague. The primary sources come from the writings of Prosper of Aquitaine and the church historian Paulus Orosius, which suggest that Leo was able to persuade Attila to turn back and not sack Rome.

There are many theories about what exactly convinced Attila to spare the city. Some theories suggest that Leo may have offered tribute or that the Hun army was suffering from disease and supply issues, making a lengthy siege impractical. There is also a legend that during the meeting, Saints Peter and Paul appeared to Attila and threatened him with divine retribution if he did not comply with Leo's request.

Whatever the reasons, the outcome was significant as it preserved Rome at a critical point, and this event has become part of the legend of Pope Leo's greatness as a defender of the city.