two reasons why many cases of abuse and violence are not reported

Many cases of abuse and violence go unreported due to a variety of complex reasons, but here are two primary factors:

1. Fear: Victims of abuse and violence often fear retaliation from their abuser if they report what has happened. This fear can be of physical harm, further abuse, or even threats against loved ones. The abuser may have explicitly threatened the victim to keep them from speaking out. Additionally, victims might fear the social stigma attached to being abused, worrying that they will not be believed or will be blamed for the abuse.

2. Shame and Embarrassment: Victims may feel a sense of shame or humiliation about the abuse. This is often rooted in cultural or societal norms that stigmatize victims or suggest that they are weak or at fault for their own victimization. Shame can prevent victims from seeking help or reporting the abuse because they might feel embarrassed or worry that they will not be taken seriously.