Sure, here is a revised version that is grammatically correct and more concise: "Hypothesis for 'How proteins are built from RNA.'"

Biology · College · Thu Feb 04 2021

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The hypothesis for "How proteins are built from RNA" is typically called the "central dogma of molecular biology." This hypothesis posits that genetic information flows from DNA to RNA, which then guides the synthesis of proteins. Here are the logical steps:

1. Transcription: DNA, which contains genetic blueprints, is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA) within the cell nucleus. During this process, RNA polymerase reads the DNA sequence of a gene and synthesizes a complementary mRNA strand.

2. RNA Processing: In eukaryotes, the initial mRNA (pre-mRNA) undergoes processing. This involves adding a 5' cap, splicing out introns (non-coding regions), and adding a poly-A tail to the 3' end, resulting in a mature mRNA.

3. Translation: The mature mRNA travels from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and attaches to a ribosome, the cell's protein factory.

4. Codon Recognition: Each group of three nucleotide bases in mRNA, called a codon, corresponds to one amino acid, the building block of proteins.

5. tRNA Charging: Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules, each with an anticodon matching the mRNA codon, bring specific amino acids to the ribosome.

6. Polypeptide Elongation: The ribosome moves along the mRNA, and tRNAs bring amino acids in the sequence dictated by the mRNA. The ribosome catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds between consecutive amino acids.

7. Termination: When the ribosome encounters a stop codon on the mRNA, the process halts, and the newly synthesized polypeptide chain is released, folding into a functional protein.

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