Nationalism in europe a. slowly gained strength over the nineteenth century by pushing education and culture to unify the nation b. was supported by traditional rulers and conservative governments. c. failed to gain traction in the nineteenth century. d. was developed by people who believed that europe should be one large nation with diverse cultures and languages. e. rapidly and completely destroyed long-standing empires such as the austro-hungarian and ottoman.

The correct option that describes how nationalism in Europe developed over the nineteenth century is:

a. slowly gained strength over the nineteenth century by pushing education and culture to unify the nation.

Nationalism in Europe indeed gained strength throughout the 1800s. Central to the nationalist movement was the belief that people who share common traditions, history, and language should have their own nation. Nationalists used education and culture, including the promotion of a national language, national history, and national symbols, to foster a sense of unity among the people.

Extra: Nationalism in Europe played a critical role in shaping the continent's history, especially in the nineteenth century. It has been a driving force behind the formation of new states as well as the collapse of old empires. The period saw the unification of Germany and Italy, which were previously collections of smaller states and principalities. These unifications were driven by nationalist sentiments that sought to bring together all people sharing a common culture and language into one nation-state.

On the other hand, multi-ethnic empires like the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Ottoman Empire faced growing pressure from nationalist movements within different ethnic and cultural groups that wanted self-determination. While nationalism did contribute to the eventual downfall of these empires, this process was gradual and also influenced by other factors such as military defeats and political crises. Therefore, options b, c, d, and e do not accurately describe the role of nationalism in Europe during the nineteenth century.

Option d incorrectly suggests a pan-European nationalism aimed at creating one large, diverse nation, which was not a widespread goal among nationalists during the period.

Option e overstates the speed and effect of nationalism by saying it rapidly and completely destroyed empires like the Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman. While it was a contributing factor, it did not work alone nor necessarily rapidly to dismantle these long-standing empires.