In 1790, how did Chief Little Turtle lead Native Americans to defeat American troops?

In 1790, Chief Little Turtle, a war chief of the Miami tribe, led Native Americans to defeat American troops in what is known as Harmar's Defeat or the Battle of the Maumee. Chief Little Turtle successfully united various Native American tribes to form a confederation that opposed the encroachment of settlers on their lands, which was a direct result of the United States government's policies.

Here are the steps that led to the victory:

1. Coalition Building: Chief Little Turtle brought together warriors from various tribes, including the Miami, Shawnee, Delaware, and Potawatomi, among others. This coalition was unprecedented in its scale and demonstrated a significant level of intertribal cooperation.

2. Strategic Planning: Utilizing his knowledge of the terrain and effective leadership skills, Little Turtle developed tactical plans that capitalized on the strengths of Native American warfare, which included mobility, guerrilla tactics, and intimate knowledge of the local geography.

3. Surprise Attacks: The American forces, led by General Josiah Harmar, were inexperienced in frontier warfare and were not familiar with the territory. Little Turtle utilized surprise attacks and ambushes, which played a significant role in the Native American forces' success.

4. Two Engagements: The defeat of Harmar's troops occurred through two separate engagements. In the first, Native American forces successfully ambushed American reconnaissance troops. In the second, Little Turtle's forces decisively defeated the main body of Harmar's army, forcing them to retreat.

5. Exploiting Weaknesses: Throughout the battle, Little Turtle exploited the weaknesses of the American forces, including their lack of experience, poorer marksmanship, and the element of fear induced by the Native American style of warfare.

As a result of these strategies and his leadership, Chief Little Turtle orchestrated one of the most significant Native American victories against United States forces.