Identify and explain the three tiers of web-based applications.

The three tiers of web-based applications typically refer to the three-layered architecture used to create a scalable, reusable, and manageable application. These three tiers are:

1.Presentation Tier (or User Interface Tier):

• The presentation tier, also known as the user interface (UI) tier, is the topmost layer visible to the user. It handles the presentation logic and interacts directly with users through web browsers or other client-side interfaces.
• Its primary purpose is to present data to users in a user-friendly manner and to collect user inputs. This tier often consists of web pages, graphical user interfaces (GUIs), or any other interface that users interact with.
• Technologies commonly used in this tier include HTML, CSS, JavaScript, front-end frameworks (like React, Angular, or Vue.js), and other client-side scripting languages.

2.Application Tier (or Business Logic Tier):

• The application tier, also known as the business logic tier or middle tier, is the central layer responsible for handling the application's business logic, processing user requests, and managing data processing and manipulation.
• It acts as an intermediary between the presentation tier and the data tier, processing requests received from the presentation tier and coordinating with the data tier to fetch or modify data accordingly.
• This tier contains the core functionalities of the application, including algorithms, calculations, validations, and other business-specific rules.
• Technologies used in this tier include server-side programming languages (such as Java, C#, Python, Node.js), application frameworks, APIs, middleware, and other components that manage application logic.

3.Data Tier (or Data Storage Tier):

• The data tier, also known as the data storage tier or backend tier, is responsible for managing and storing data used by the application.
• It stores various types of data such as user information, application data, configurations, and any other relevant data needed by the application.
• This tier can encompass different types of data storage solutions, including databases (SQL or NoSQL databases), file systems, cloud-based storage services, and data caching mechanisms.
• The data tier interacts with the application tier to fulfill requests for data retrieval, storage, modification, and deletion.

The three-tier architecture offers benefits like modularity, scalability, and easier maintenance by separating concerns into distinct layers. It also facilitates flexibility in development, allowing changes or updates in one tier without significantly impacting the others, promoting a more manageable and organized development process.