How long does it take for a 1,000-byte packet to propagate across a 2,500 km link with a propagation speed of 2.5 × 10^8 m/s and a transmission rate of 2 Mbps?

The time it takes for a packet to propagate across a communication link is determined by the propagation delay. The propagation delay is calculated using the formula:

Propagation Delay=DistancePropagation Speed

Propagation Delay=Propagation Speed

Distance

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In this case, the distance is 2,500 km

2,500km and the propagation speed is 2.5×108 m/s

2.5×108

m/s. First, we need to convert the distance from kilometers to meters:

Distance=2,500 km×1,000 m/km=2,500,000 m

Distance=2,500km×1,000m/km=2,500,000m

Now we can calculate the propagation delay:

Propagation Delay=2,500,000 m2.5×108 m/s

Propagation Delay=2.5×108

m/s

2,500,000m

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Propagation Delay=0.01 s

Propagation Delay=0.01s

So, the propagation delay for the given link is 0.01 seconds

0.01seconds. Keep in mind that this is just the time it takes for the signal to travel across the link and does not account for other delays such as transmission delay or processing delay. If you need to consider the total time it takes for a packet to traverse the link, you would also need to account for these other factors.