How did Islam become so prevalent and entrenched in Indian society during this period?

Islam's prevalence and establishment in Indian society were influenced by several factors:

1. Trade and Conquest: The arrival of Islamic traders, especially during the early medieval period, brought the religion to the Indian subcontinent. Later, conquests by various Islamic rulers, such as the Delhi Sultanate and the Mughal Empire, expanded Islamic influence across regions.
2. Spread of Sufism: Sufism, a mystical dimension of Islam, played a vital role in spreading the faith. Sufi saints and their disciples, through their spiritual teachings attracted followers and helped in the spread of Islam in India.
3. Patronage by Rulers: Several Muslim rulers notably the Mughals provided patronage to Islamic scholars, artists and intellectuals. This support facilitated the propagation of Islamic culture, art and education, which further contributed to the religion's acceptance.
4. Syncretism and Tolerance: Islam in India often displayed syncretism, blending with local customs and traditions. This adaptability and tolerance helped in its acceptance among diverse communities.
5. Administrative and Social Structures: Islamic rulers introduced administrative and legal systems that were sometimes based on Islamic principles. This integration into governance structures influenced society and provided a framework for Islamic practices.
6. Language and Literature: Persian, a language associated with Islamic culture became the court language during many Muslim dynasties. This led to the development of a rich Persian literary tradition that contributed to the dissemination of Islamic teachings.

Overall, the gradual and multi-faceted spread of Islam in India was a result of trade, conquests, cultural syncretism, the patronage of rulers and the adaptability of the religion to local contexts.