Corrected and streamlined text: During the final phase of cellular respiration, known as oxidative phosphorylation, the electron carriers reduced in earlier stages are oxidized by oxygen through the electron transport chain. The energy released through this oxidation is conserved in a form utilized by most cellular energy-dependent reactions. Among the following compounds involved in cellular respiration, identify those that are the net inputs and net outputs of oxidative phosphorylation. Drag each compound to the correct bin based on whether it is an input, an output, or not involved in oxidative phosphorylation. Note that not all inputs and outputs are listed. (glucose, CO2, O2, ATP, ADP, NAD+, NADH, H2O, coenzyme A, pyruvate, acetyl-CoA) Net Inputs for Oxidative Phosphorylation: - O2 - ADP - NADH (and/or other reduced electron carriers like FADH2, though not listed here) - Pi (inorganic phosphate, though not listed here) Net Outputs for Oxidative Phosphorylation: - ATP - H2O - NAD+ (and/or other oxidized electron carriers like FAD, though not listed here) Not Involved in Oxidative Phosphorylation: - glucose - CO2 - coenzyme A - pyruvate - acetyl-CoA (Note: In some contexts, CO2 is considered an output of earlier stages of cellular respiration but not directly of oxidative phosphorylation. Similarly, glucose is the initial substrate for glycolysis, not oxidative phosphorylation, and coenzyme A, pyruvate, and acetyl-CoA play roles in the transition step from glycolysis to the citric acid cycle or within the citric acid cycle itself.)

Based on the process of oxidative phosphorylation, the net inputs and outputs are:

Net Inputs for Oxidative Phosphorylation: - O2 (oxygen) is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain. - ADP (adenosine diphosphate) combines with an inorganic phosphate group to form ATP. - NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced form) donates electrons to the electron transport chain, which are then passed down to oxygen. - Pi (inorganic phosphate, not listed but implied) is needed to phosphorylate ADP to ATP.

Net Outputs for Oxidative Phosphorylation: - ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the energy currency of the cell, generated from the phosphorylation of ADP. - H2O (water) is formed when oxygen accepts electrons and combines with hydrogen ions at the end of the electron transport chain. - NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, oxidized form) is regenerated from NADH and can be reused in other parts of cellular respiration.

Not Involved in Oxidative Phosphorylation: - Glucose is involved in glycolysis, the first stage of cellular respiration. - CO2 (carbon dioxide) is a product of the citric acid cycle, not directly of oxidative phosphorylation. - Coenzyme A is involved in the formation of acetyl-CoA, which enters the citric acid cycle. - Pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis and is converted into acetyl-CoA before entering the citric acid cycle. - Acetyl-CoA enters the citric acid cycle and is used to produce electron carriers for oxidative phosphorylation.

Extra: Oxidative phosphorylation is the final stage of cellular respiration that occurs in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells. It consists of two major components: the electron transport chain and ATP synthesis. In the electron transport chain, electrons from reduced carriers like NADH and FADH2 are passed through a series of complexes and eventually transferred to oxygen, forming water. This electron transfer process generates a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane, creating a form of potential energy.

ATP synthesis, also known as chemiosmosis, uses the energy stored in this proton gradient to drive the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi. This is done by an enzyme called ATP synthase, which acts like a turbine, using the flow of protons back into the mitochondrial matrix to phosphorylate ADP. This is the primary method by which cells generate ATP, the energy currency used for various biological processes like muscle contraction, active transport, and biosynthesis.

Understanding cellular respiration as a whole, including oxidative phosphorylation, is crucial in biology because it explains how cells convert the energy stored in nutrients into a form they can use for their essential functions.