4.) Explain how Lincoln's word choice helps create his points of emphasis. Share how this makes his speech powerful and effective.

Answer: Abraham Lincoln was known for his eloquent and powerful speeches, and his word choice played a significant role in creating points of emphasis that made his oratory so effective. One prime example is the Gettysburg Address, in which Lincoln uses concise, yet impactful language.

Firstly, Lincoln used short, simple words for emphasis. In the Gettysburg Address, he starts with "Four score and seven years ago," which immediately captures attention through the unusual way of stating "87 years." It stands out and sets a historical context.

Secondly, his choice of anaphora, or the repetition of certain phrases, such as "we cannot dedicate—we cannot consecrate—we cannot hallow," emphasizes the point that the sacrifice of the fallen soldiers is beyond the power of the living to add or detract.

Thirdly, Lincoln used parallel structure, which is the repetition of grammatical patterns, to create rhythm and make the message more memorable. For instance, in the closing of the Gettysburg Address, he repeats the word "to" in "government of the people, by the people, for the people," stressing the inclusivity and purpose of the government.

Lastly, he chose words with strong connotations to evoke emotional responses, which made the speech powerful. Words like "hallowed," "nobly," and "devotion" inspire a sense of reverence and patriotism.

Overall, Lincoln’s strategic use of language—simple yet profound, with effective repetition and emotive connotations—helped reinforce his points and make his speech a lasting piece of powerful rhetoric.