What are the five foundations of democracy

 The five foundations of democracy are typically understood to be:

1. **Popular Sovereignty**: This principle states that the power of the government is created and sustained by the consent of its people, through their elected representatives. In simpler terms, it means that the authority of the government comes from the people.

2. **Rule of Law**: Democracy is grounded on the rule of law which means that laws are applied equally and fairly to all citizens, and no one is above the law - not even government officials or elected leaders.

3. **Separation of Powers**: This foundation divides the government into separate branches, typically the legislative (makes laws), the executive (applies and enforces laws), and the judicial (interprets laws). This separation ensures that no single branch becomes too powerful, providing a system of checks and balances on power.

4. **Majority Rule with Minority Rights**: While the majority's decision often determines the outcome of government decision-making, a true democracy also protects the rights of minorities. It creates a balance whereby the majority cannot abuse their power to violate the rights of minority groups.

5. **Protection of Individual Rights**: Democracies are known for protecting individual freedoms such as the freedom of speech, religion, press, and the right to a fair trial. These rights are often enshrined in a constitution or similar document to prevent infringement by the state.